REASONS FOR SCHOOL DROPOUT AT PRIMARY LEVEL REFLECTION OF TEACHERS AND PARENTS OF DROPPED OUT STUDENTS IN DISTRICT JAMSHORO SINDH PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study explores the underlying reasons for school dropout at the primary level, focusing on the reflections and perceptions of both teachers and parents of students who have dropped out in District Jamshoro. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research gathers insights through interviews and questionnaires to identify the socio-economic, cultural, institutional, and personal factors contributing to early school leaving. Findings reveal that poverty, lack of parental awareness, inadequate school facilities, teacher absenteeism, and child labor are key contributors. The primary causes of early dropout were investigated using a mixed-methods research strategy. To gather information from primary school teachers and parents of early dropouts, a questionnaire was created and verified. Additionally, the role of gender bias and early marriages, especially among girls, further exacerbate dropout rates. Teachers emphasized the impact of unmotivated learning environments and poor infrastructure, while parents pointed to economic hardships and the need for children to support household income. The study suggests that a collaborative effort between educational institutions, families, and government agencies is essential to design effective policies and interventions aimed at reducing dropout rates and promoting primary education retention in the region. Teachers and parents claim they have positive interactions with their students and that there is a dearth of material resources.