RETHINKING TRADITIONAL ALLIANCES: PAKISTAN-SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS IN THE ERA OF THE YEMEN CONFLICT

Abstract

The conflict in Yemen has significantly strained relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, assess the limits of their decades-long alliance. This study examines the diplomatic, economic and security implications of Pakistan's decision not to join the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen, and explores the complex factors driving this shift. Research suggests that Pakistan's growing economic ties with China, critical public opinion on Saudi Arabia's actions, and desire for strategic autonomy have contributed to its progressively independent stance. The conflict has disclosed underlying tensions in the relationship between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, particularly over sectarian differences and competing regional interests. This study analyzes the dynamics of the conflict and the role of external actors, including Iran and the United States, in shaping Pakistan's response. Moreover, it examines the economic consequences of strained relations, including the decline in Saudi investment and oil exports to Pakistan. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex geopolitics of the Middle East and South Asia, highlighting the need for a nuanced analysis of intertwined interests and rivalries. These findings have important implications for policy makers, emphasizing the importance of diverse economic partnerships and reducing reliance on traditional allies. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the Yemen conflict has irreversibly changed the trajectory of Pakistan-Saudi Arabia relations, necessitating a realignment of their strategic partnership. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach, which includes primary and secondary sources, including official documents, expert interviews, and scholarly literature. The study's findings offer valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of regional geopolitics and promote stability in the Middle East and South Asia.