THE ROLE OF FOREIGN AID IN SHAPING PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

چکیده

Foreign aid has profoundly shaped Pakistan's economic and political landscape. This study seeks to comprehensively examine its multifaceted impacts. Existing literature offers varied perspectives on foreign aid's role: it is credited with stimulating economic growth and poverty alleviation, yet criticized for fostering dependency and governance issues. Contextual factors and recipient dynamics play crucial roles in determining aid effectiveness. Drawing on theoretical frameworks like dependency theory, modernization theory, and political economy, this study explores how foreign aid influences Pakistan's development. It aims to: trace the historical evolution of foreign aid in Pakistan, evaluate its impact on key economic indicators such as GDP growth, poverty levels, and income inequality, and analyze its influence on political dynamics including governance, democracy, and geopolitical alignments. Despite substantial aid inflows, Pakistan grapples with persistent developmental and political challenges. This research aims to uncover the underlying reasons for this gap and suggest potential pathways for improvement. Employing qualitative and quantitative methods such as literature review, case studies, and statistical analysis of diverse data sources (official reports, academic journals, and policy documents), the study intends to provide empirical evidence and theoretical insights. In conclusion, understanding the nuanced impacts of foreign aid on Pakistan is crucial for policymakers and scholars alike. By shedding light on both its successes and limitations, this study aims to contribute to informed decision-making and effective aid strategies in the future.