International Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Communication (IRJICC)
The International Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Communication (IRJICC) is a peer-reviewed, quarterly research journal in the field of Social Sciences, focusing on Islamic culture, civilization, communication, and their interaction with contemporary society. The journal provides an international scholarly platform for researchers, academicians, and social scientists to publish original and analytical research addressing cultural, social, ethical, historical, and communicative dimensions of Islam.IRJICC encourages interdisciplinary research integrating Islamic studies with sociology, media and communication studies, anthropology, political science, international relations, education, law, and comparative religious studies. The journal aims to promote informed dialogue, intellectual exchange, and academic understanding of Islamic culture within modern social frameworks.The journal follows a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure originality, academic integrity, and research quality. Published on a quarterly basis, IRJICC adheres to international publication ethics and strives to contribute meaningfully to social sciences scholarship, intercultural communication, and global academic discourse.
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF THE MIRACLE OF THE QURAN: AN ANALYTICAL AND RESEARCH STUDY
The Qur’an, as the final divine revelation, encompasses numerous dimensions of miraculous expression (I‘jāz al-Qur’an), among which the scientific aspect holds significant importance in contemporary discourse. This study aims to explore the scientific dimensions of the Qur’an by analyzing selected verses that correspond to modern scientific discoveries. The Qur’an, revealed in the 7th century, contains references to natural phenomena, cosmology, embryology, geology, and other scientific domains that were unknown to humanity at the time of its revelation.This research examines how certain Qur’anic descriptions—such as the expansion of the universe, the development of the human embryo, the barriers between seas, and the water cycle—align with established scientific knowledge. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach, utilizing classical tafsir alongside modern scientific interpretations to evaluate the relationship between revelation and empirical science.The findings suggest that the accuracy and depth of these references cannot be attributed to human knowledge of the time, thereby supporting the view that the Qur’an is of divine origin. However, the study also emphasizes the need for careful interpretation to avoid overstatement and to maintain a balanced approach between scientific inquiry and theological understanding.In conclusion, the scientific dimension of the Qur’an serves as a powerful sign of its miraculous nature and continues to inspire both faith and intellectual reflection in the modern age.
Scientific Miracles of the Qur’an ,I‘jaz al-Qur’an ,Qur’an and Science ,Embryology in the Qur’an ,Cosmology in Islam ,Divine Revelation ,Scientific Interpretation.
THE UNSEEN ASPECTS OF THE MIRACLES OF THE QURAN: PROPHECIES REGARDING THE PROPHETIC ERA: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
The Qur’an, as the final revelation of Allah, embodies numerous dimensions of divine miracle (I‘jāz al-Qur’an), among which the aspect of unseen knowledge and fulfilled prophecies holds significant importance. This study explores the miraculous nature of Qur’anic predictions revealed during the Prophetic era (period of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ) and examines how these foretellings were realized in historical reality. The Qur’an presented various prophecies related to political, social, and religious developments—many of which appeared improbable at the time of revelation but were later fulfilled with remarkable accuracy.This paper focuses on selected examples such as the victory of the Romans over the Persians, the eventual dominance of Islam, and the defeat of its adversaries. By analyzing these instances within their historical context, the study argues that such precise foreknowledge lies beyond human capability, thereby affirming the divine origin of the Qur’an. Furthermore, the research highlights how these fulfilled prophecies served as a powerful means of strengthening faith among early Muslims and as a compelling argument in (propagation of Islam).The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach, drawing upon classical tafsir literature and historical sources to demonstrate the significance of the unseen aspects of the Qur’an as a central element of its miraculous nature.
I‘jaz al-Qur’an, Qur’anic Prophecies ,Unseen Knowledge (Ghayb) ,Prophetic Era,Islamic Revelation Historical Fulfillment ,Divine Miracle.
THE HUR MOVEMENT IN SINDH: ORIGINS, IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS, AND ITS SOCIO-POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This article provides a comprehensive examination of the Hur Movement, a seminal anti-colonial resistance movement that emerged in Sindh during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Centered on the spiritual leadership of Pir Sibghatullah Shah Rashdi II (Soreh Badshah), the movement represents a unique convergence of Sufi spirituality, anti-colonial resistance, and regional identity formation. Drawing on historical sources, scholarly analyses, and archival materials, this study explores the ideological foundations of the Hur School of Thought, emphasizing its distinctive interpretation of Islamic teachings, its conception of freedom (hur), and its articulation of resistance against oppression. The article traces the movement's evolution from a spiritual community to an organized guerrilla force that challenged British colonial authority in Sindh, examining the leadership of Pir Sibghatullah Shah and his role in shaping the movement's religious, political, and social dimensions. The study further evaluates the socio-political impact of the Hur Movement on Sindhi society, including its contributions to regional identity, resistance narratives, and political consciousness. The consequences of British suppression—including military operations, the passage of the Hur Criminal Act, the imposition of martial law, and the execution of movement leaders—are analyzed for their role in shaping the movement's legacy. Finally, the article reflects on the contemporary relevance of the Hur School of Thought in modern Pakistan, particularly in discourses of faith, resistance, and regional identity. This study argues that the Hur Movement represents a distinctive model of anti-colonial resistance rooted in indigenous spiritual traditions, and its marginalization in dominant historical narratives reflects broader questions about decolonization and knowledge production in postcolonial Pakistan.
Hur (Hurs),Pir Pagara,Sindhi nationalism,Sufi resistance, Anti-imperialism,Colonial Sindh,Spiritual-military synthesis.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HINDUISM IN SINDH: ORIGINS, BELIEFS, AND CULTURAL LEGACY
This article provides a comprehensive examination of Hinduism in Sindh, tracing its origins, ideological foundations, and historical development from antiquity to the present. As one of the world's oldest living religious traditions, Hinduism has shaped the cultural, social, and spiritual landscape of South Asia for over four millennia. In Sindh—a region that served as a cradle of ancient civilization and a crossroads of diverse cultural currents—Hinduism developed distinctive characteristics while maintaining continuity with broader Indic traditions. This study explores the historical roots of Hinduism in the Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic traditions, analyzes its core ideological principles including dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha, and examines their influence on individual behavior, social structure, and spiritual practice. The article traces the historical presence of Hinduism in Sindh from ancient times through the medieval and colonial periods, examining the complex interactions between Hinduism and other religious traditions, particularly Islam and Sufism, and analyzing how these interactions shaped the cultural and religious landscape of the region. The socio-cultural impact of Hindu ideology on Sindhi society is evaluated, including its influence on traditions, festivals, rituals, language, literature, art, social values, and community structures. Finally, the study assesses the contemporary relevance of Hinduism in Sindh, focusing on minority identity, interfaith relations, and the preservation of cultural heritage in modern Pakistan. This study argues that the history of Hinduism in Sindh represents a unique case of religious continuity, cultural synthesis, and resilience in the face of profound historical transformations, and that understanding this history is essential for comprehending both the region's cultural heritage and the contemporary dynamics of religious diversity in Pakistan.
Hinduism,Sindh, Indus Valley Civilization,Vedic Tradition Religious Syncretism Sufism; Cultural Heritage, Minority Identity Interfaith Relations, Socio-Cultural Impact.
PRONOMINAL AFFIXATION IN HINDKO LANGUAGE: OPTIMALITY THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
This study presents an Optimality Theoretical (OT) analysis of pronominal affixation in the Hindko language, focusing on how pronominal markers attach to verbs and other hosts in natural speech. Hindko, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in northern Pakistan, exhibits a rich system of pronominal affixes that encode person, number, and sometimes gender. The research investigates the phonological and morphological constraints governing the placement and realization of these pronominal affixes within the framework of Optimality Theory. Data were collected from 10 native speakers of Hindko and analyzed through OT tableaux to determine the ranking of constraints responsible for the preferred surface forms. The study demonstrates that constraints such as ALIGN, MAX-IO, DEP-IO, and ONSET play a significant role in determining the optimal output forms during pronominal attachment. The analysis shows that pronominal affixation in Hindko is not arbitrary but systematically regulated by ranked universal constraints that balance faithfulness to the input with phonological well-formedness. The findings contribute to the understanding of morphophonological processes in Hindko and provide further evidence for the applicability of Optimality Theory in explaining pronominal affixation patterns in Indo-Aryan languages. The study also highlights the importance of documenting and analyzing regional languages through modern linguistic frameworks.
Hindko language, Pronominal Affixation, Optimality Theory, Morphophonology, Constraint Ranking, Indo-Aryan Languages, OT Tableaux, Affixation, Phonological Constraints.
REVEALED RELIGIONS AND THE CONCEPT OF SLAVERY: PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DIGNITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
Slavery has been a long-standing social institution in human history, deeply influencing social structures, economic systems, and human dignity. Rather than endorsing slavery as a permanent social reality, the revealed religions approached it through ethical reform and moral responsibility. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam introduced teachings that emphasized humane treatment of slaves, recognition of their inherent human dignity, and encouragement toward emancipation. These religions sought to regulate existing practices while gradually guiding societies toward justice, compassion, and equality.This study presents a comparative and analytical examination of the concept of slavery in revealed religions, highlighting their distinctive and reformative teachings. Special attention is given to the Islamic approach, which institutionalized the liberation of slaves through moral exhortation, legal mechanisms, and religious incentives. The research demonstrates that the teachings of revealed religions provide an ethical framework that supports human rights, social justice, and the gradual elimination of exploitative systems. The findings underline the continued relevance of these religious teachings in contemporary discussions on human dignity and freedom.
Revealed Religions, Concept of Slavery, Human Dignity Emancipation,Social Justice,Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.
THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SLAVERY: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF ITS CAUSES, EVOLUTION, AND IMPACTS (FROM THE ANCIENT PERIOD TO THE MODERN ERA)
Human slavery is one of the oldest and most complex social institutions in human history, existing in various forms across different civilizations and historical periods. This study examines the concept of human slavery from antiquity to the modern era, focusing on its causes, evolution, and long-term impacts within a historical framework. The primary causes of slavery included economic needs, war captives, political domination, racial and class-based discrimination, and social inequality. In ancient civilizations such as Greece, Rome, and Mesopotamia, slavery was considered an essential component of the socio-economic system, where enslaved individuals were employed in agriculture, domestic service, and military support.During the medieval period, slavery evolved through feudal and colonial structures, leading to systematic exploitation of human labor. The modern era, particularly under European colonial expansion and the transatlantic slave trade, witnessed slavery on an unprecedented scale, especially affecting African societies. However, the same period also marked the rise of humanitarian thought, enlightenment ideals, and human rights movements, which challenged the moral and ethical legitimacy of slavery. These movements ultimately contributed to the legal abolition of slavery in many parts of the world. Despite formal abolition, modern forms of slavery such as human trafficking, forced labor, and economic exploitation continue to exist. This study highlights the historical development of slavery and analyzes its profound social, economic, and moral consequences across different eras.
Human Slavery,Historical Evolution,Ancient Civilization,Modern Era,Causes of Slavery,Human Rights,Social and Economic Impact.
A RESEARCH-BASED STUDY OF SIMILES AND PARABLES IN THE SAYINGS OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD (ﷺ)
beautiful means of expression, interpretation, and understanding in every language. Moreover, all forms of material education and training find their fulfillment through the use of such literary devices. This is why no literature—whether human or divine—has ever remained devoid of similes and metaphors, as their absence would be inconceivable. Just as the Divine Speech (the Qur’an) employs similes and parables as a means of clear communication, similarly, Prophetic speech (Hadith) frequently utilizes these tools for effective understanding. A concept or message, when conveyed through a simile or example, becomes more firmly rooted in the listener’s mind. Such illustrative expression also generates interest and helps the audience grasp the intended message more swiftly and deeply. In the forthcoming article, selected metaphorical and illustrative examples from the Prophetic discourse (ﷺ) are presented.
Similes, Parables, Hadith, Divine Speech, metaphorical Muhammad (ﷺ).
ALLAMA M. IQBAL AS A POET OF HEART, MIND AND SPIRIT: A TRIANGULAR ANALYSIS OF HIS POETIC VISION
This study discovers the poetic and philosophical vision of great Muslim poet Allama Dr. Muhammad Iqbal through his triangular integration of poetic themes about heart, as a faculty of passionate love described as Ishq, mind as a faculty of intellect described as Aql and spirit as a faculty of self-hood described as Khudi. The purpose of this study is to examine Iqbal’s poetry as a synthesis the faculties of heart (Ishq), mind (Aql), and spirit (Khudi). He looks all these three faculties as interdependent forces to develop a complete human being and considers it a holistic conception of human development. By adopting the qualitative hermeneutic approach, this study has analysed some of his poetical work from his famous books Asrar-e-Khudi, Bang-e-Dra, Bal-e-Jibril, and Zarb-e-Kalim in order to examine how he integrates emotional, intellectual and spiritual faculties into a unified philosophy of life. Findings reveal that Iqbal views all these three forces as essential for the development of complete human being called Mard-e-Momin. Iqbal’s Mard-e-Momin is emotionally vibrant, intellectually active and spiritually awakened individual. The analysis concludes that Iqbal’s triangular integrated philosophy presents an admiring framework for moral, intellectual, and spiritual development of human being establishing him as a true poet of heart, mind, and spirit.
Allama Iqbal, Ishq, Aql, Khudi, triangular integration, Mard-e-Momin, poetic vision.
THE EVOLUATION OF THE CALIPHATE IN THE LIGHT OF THE QURAN AND HADITH : A SPECIALIZED STUDY
The Caliphate system began with the existence of the state of Medina, the scholarly form of which was established after the passing of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), when Muslims elected a Caliph on merit and formally laid the foundation of the Caliphate system. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used the word caliphate in several sayings. And according to a narration in Bukhari Sharif, its entire system has been described as follows: In Bani Israel, political leadership was in the hands of the prophets (peace be upon them). When one prophet passed away from the world, another prophet would take his place. And I am the last Prophet, there is no prophet after me, but there will be caliphs after me. In this noble saying, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) described the caliphate in the sense of political leadership and governance and also made it clear that after me this political leadership and governance will be in the hands of the caliphs. This caliphate system started a golden age for Muslims. The first period of the caliphate is called the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate, which begins with the first caliph, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA), and ends with the last caliph, Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajhu al-Karim, which covers a period of approximately thirty years.
Caliphate, Political, Leadership, Governance, Messenger.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MECHANISMS IN FACILITATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, water scarcity, and agricultural disruptions caused by climate change in Pakistan highlight the critical need for efficient financing structures to fund mitigation and adaptation activities. This study looks at how financial systems help Pakistan respond to climate change, identifying both opportunities and concerns. Inadequate institutional capacity, a growing population reliant on climate-sensitive industries like agriculture, and limited financial resources all contribute to Pakistan's susceptibility to climate change. The nation's climate resilience is greatly influenced by current financial systems, such as private sector investments, domestic budgetary allotments, and international climate funds like the Green Climate Fund. However, there are a number of obstacles that these mechanisms must overcome, including a lack of coordination between government agencies and stakeholders, complicated access procedures, and inadequate funding. The analysis pinpoints important chances to improve Pakistan's financial systems. These include enhancing public-private partnerships for climate infrastructure projects, creating novel financial instruments like green bonds and climate insurance, and more efficiently utilizing international climate finance. Enhancing the effectiveness of climate investments and streamlining resource allocation are further benefits of strengthening institutional frameworks and policy coherence. Building local project development capability, including climate issues into national budgeting processes, and increasing accountability and openness in the use of climate funds are some of the recommendations. Pakistan can improve its finance systems for climate action and promote resilience and sustainable development in the face of growing climate dangers by tackling these issues and grasping possibilities. By providing policymakers and stakeholders with insights to maximize resource allocation and promote effective climate interventions, this study adds to the conversation on climate finance in poor nations.
water scarcity, climate change, policymakers, finance systems, transition, policy coherence.
THE SOCIAL PRINCIPLES MENTIONED IN SURAH AL-BAQARA AND THEIR CONTEMPORARY UTILITY
It is necessary to follow certain rules and regulations to enrich civilization, which is also required by human nature, human nature aspires to the survival and development of mankind, that is why a man desires moral and spiritual growth, and the only way to utilize human abilities is the presence of society and the rules and regulations are relied upon to civilize the same culture. These principles are related to ethics, worship, society, economy and basic ideas and thoughts, for every moment of life. In society, there is a need to be equipped with such qualities as compassion, generosity, generosity, love, sacrifice, sacrifice and justice. At the same time, the implementation of orders such as publicizing justice is also necessary to protect human life in society, and to eliminate class, linguistic, national and national discrimination and oppression. These are the basic principles that can be followed to create a universal human society. The Holy Quran teaches society to be characterized by high qualities and to avoid socially undesirable actions. This title has been chosen in view of the contemporary need to mention the issues and commands of the Holy Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah, which guides humanity in terms of social issues and their importance and usefulness in the contemporary context.
Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqarah, Social Issues, Humanity, Civilization, Rules and Regulations.
FAMILY LAWS IN HINDUISM AND ISLAM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Family laws play a fundamental role in shaping social structure, moral values, and individual responsibilities within a society. Hinduism and Islam, as two major world religions, provide comprehensive frameworks for regulating family life through their respective religious texts and traditions. This study presents a comparative analysis of family laws in Hinduism and Islamic family law, focusing on key areas such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, guardianship, and the status of women. The research examines Hindu family laws as derived from classical texts like the Manusmriti and later legal developments, alongside Islamic family laws based on the Qur’an, Sunnah, and juristic interpretations. Through comparative evaluation, the study highlights both similarities and differences in principles, objectives, and legal mechanisms, particularly regarding social justice, family stability, and individual rights. The research concludes that while both systems aim to preserve family cohesion and moral order, Islamic family law demonstrates a more systematic legal structure with explicit emphasis on justice, rights, and responsibilities for all family members. This comparative study contributes to a deeper understanding of religious family laws and promotes interfaith legal and social dialogue.
Hindu Family Law,Islamic Family Law,Marriage and Divorce,Inheritance Laws,Comparative Religion.
FINDING LINK BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY DEMAND IN AFRICA
In most regions the production and consumption of energy is considered as a benchmark for shifting toward development of economy. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of different growth indicators (FDI, GDPPC, RPRICES) and energy consumption and different financial development indicators (domestic credit by banking sector, liquid liability, M2, Domestic credit to private sector) in a selected panel of Sub Saharan countries that are Egypt, Sudan and Nigeria for a period of 39 years from 1977 to 2014. Panel cointegration test found cointegration among the variables and have long term relationship among them. The pooled OLS test suggests that there is significant relationship among the variables and the results concluded that there is a high impact of GDPPC and relative prices of energy on Energy consumption in the region.
Fdi, Gdppc, Rprices, Domestic Credit, Banking Sector.
A COMPARATIVE AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FAMILY LAWS IN BUDDHISM AND SIKHISM
Buddhism, as a major religious and philosophical tradition of the Indian subcontinent, presents a distinctive worldview that shapes its understanding of family life and social relations. Rooted in the principles of compassion, moral discipline, and liberation from worldly attachments, Buddhist teachings approach family matters through the lens of ethical conduct rather than legal obligation. This research explores Buddhist family norms with a critical perspective, examining foundational concepts related to marriage, marital harmony, parental duties, inheritance, and communal responsibilities.The study investigates how Buddhist ideals—such as the Middle Way, detachment, and the cultivation of virtuous behavior inform and regulate interpersonal relationships within the household. It further analyzes the extent to which Buddhist societies integrate traditional family structures with religious doctrine, and how these teachings adapt to contemporary social realities. Drawing upon canonical texts, historical sources, and modern scholarly works, this research highlights the unique contributions of Buddhism to family ethics while also identifying areas where its principles diverge from or intersect with other religious systems. Ultimately, the study aims to enhance academic understanding of Buddhist family thought and provide a meaningful basis for comparative analysis within the broader discipline of religious studies.
Buddhist Family Laws,Marriage and Divorce in Buddhism,Ethical Teachings, Comparative Religious Studies, Moral Framework in Buddhism.
PAKISTAN’S APPROACH TO THE YEMEN CRISES AND ITS IMPACTS ON REGIONAL DYNAMICS
Pakistan has faced a difficult diplomatic situation as a result of the Yemen crisis, which has persisted since 2015 and necessitates striking a careful balance between regional alliances, strategic interests, and humanitarian concerns. This study looks at Pakistan's approach on the Yemeni war and how it affects South Asian and Middle Eastern regional dynamics. The parliament of Pakistan has openly rejected Saudi Arabia's request for military assistance in favor of a diplomatic resolution, demonstrating the country's neutral approach to the crisis. Pakistan's efforts to uphold strategic autonomy while maintaining ties with important regional players, especially Saudi Arabia and Iran, are reflected in this position. The ruling emphasizes Pakistan's preference for economic prospects, regional stability, and national interests over military involvement. Pakistan's neutrality affects its relations with Iran, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and other regional players, and the Yemen crisis has important ramifications for regional dynamics. Pakistan has established itself as a possible mediator by choosing a diplomatic strategy and using its connections with different parties to promote communication. Tensions with Saudi Arabia, a crucial security and economically, have also resulted from this position, underscoring the difficulties in striking a balance between conflicting interests. It also examines the domestic political factors, such as public opinion and legislative supervision, that influenced Pakistan's response. Pakistan's approach to the Yemen crisis is indicative of a practical and interest-driven foreign policy that places a high priority on regional security and strategic autonomy. Although this position has helped Pakistan negotiate complicated regional politics, it also highlights how difficult it is to remain neutral in a divided Middle East.
Yemen crisis, Eastern regional dynamics, Community Structure, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Middle East, Pakistan's response.
EDUCATIONAL STABILITY AND CONTEMPORARY REQUIREMENTS:IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAH TEACHINGS
The encouragement for acquiring beneficial and authentic knowledge was conveyed to The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through the first revelation. This distinction sets humanity apart from other beings. Education and the knowledge of fundamental matters play a key role in the development and stability of any society. While education serves as a fundamental pillar for a stable and strong nation, it is also the essential element that enhances individual capabilities and contributes to collective welfare. Therefore, the Prophet (PBUH) commanded every Muslim to be endowed with the wealth of knowledge. Education is a process that enables the mental, moral, and social development of a person and provides individuals with the ability to develop intellectual freedom, creative thinking, and effective decision-making. Knowledge, which is the result of education, is an important component of human development and social stability, which enables humans to cope with current challenges and create new opportunities, such as modern-day challenges such as climate change, poverty, and health problems that can be solved through the effective use of knowledge. Medicine, engineering, and information technology, where education and knowledge made progress possible. In this regard, the research should highlight the importance of integrating educational systems with the practical teachings of Seerat-un-Nabi (PBUH) to foster the development of moral values and emotional intelligence, thus enabling comprehensive growth of the individual and society. To ensure educational stability, essential to implement comprehensive policies that prioritize quality education following the principles of Seerat-un-Nabi (PBUH) which emphasizes the importance of putting knowledge into practical use. This research will help to enhance education and knowledge. It is essential for creating a strong and stable society for education professionals, policymakers, and community leaders.
Education, knowledge, Information Technology, Health Problems, First Revelation, Seerat-un-Nabi, Professionals.
STATE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM: A RESEARCH STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF THE SEERAH OF THE PROPHET ﷺ
Education in Islam is considered a fundamental pillar for the intellectual, moral, and spiritual development of individuals, as well as for societal progress. The establishment of a well-organized state-level educational system ensures the dissemination of knowledge, cultivation of ethical values, and promotion of social welfare. The Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ provides practical guidance on how a structured and effective educational system can be established, encompassing both religious and worldly knowledge, moral training, and social responsibilities.The Prophet ﷺ emphasized accessibility of education for all, encouraged lifelong learning, and established learning centers for children, youth, and adults. He integrated ethical instruction within the curriculum, ensuring that education was not limited to theoretical knowledge but extended to practical implementation in daily life. This study analyzes the principles of an educational system derived from the Seerah, highlighting the importance of universal access, moral and religious education, practical learning, and societal development. The findings suggest that the Seerah offers a timeless model for building a comprehensive, value-based, and socially responsible educational framework suitable for contemporary state systems.
Islamic Education,State Educational System,Seerah of the Prophet ﷺ,Moral and Ethical Training,Knowledge Dissemination,Social Development,Practical Learning,Lifelong Education.
THE IMPACT OF RAPID URBANIZATION ON COMMUNITY TIES AND SOCIAL COHESION IN ABBOTTABAD
Abbottabad is historically and geographically very important place, with the passage of time, rapid urbanization not only making it diverse but also congested. The land was popular for its serenity, peace and scenic scenes but now this beautiful hill station has become very rough and metropolitan. This diversity can foster cultural exchange and innovation, it also poses challenges to traditional community structures. Residents of Abbottabad are experiencing changes in their social networks, with many reporting a decline in face-to-face interactions and a sense of isolation amidst growing urban anonymity. The influx of outsiders and the proliferation of gated communities and commercial developments have altered neighborhood dynamics, often prioritizing individualism over communal living. This study aims to contribute to the discourse on urbanization and social change, offering insights into the ways in which cities like Abbottabad can balance growth and development with the preservation of community ties and social cohesion. This qualitative work is exploring the impacts of rapid urbanization with the help of primary and secondary sources e.g. profile of Abbottabad, biographies, books and articles. Unplanned urbanization is becoming the most vibrant problem of this city which is not only spoiling the beauty but also its colonial legacy. The concerned authorities must tackle with this serious problem otherwise this land would lost its original shine.
Urbanization, Social Change, Community Structure, Isolation and Social Networks, Cultural Diversity, Metropolitan Expansion, Gated Communities.
IJTIHAD BIL-MAQASID AND CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL ISSUES: A RESEARCH AND JURISPRUDENTIAL STUDY
This study explores the conceptual and practical framework of ijtihad bi al-maqasid (objective-based reasoning) in addressing contemporary medical challenges. With the rapid advancement of modern medical science, humanity faces numerous ethical and legal questions that are not explicitly discussed in classical Islamic jurisprudence. Ijtihad bi al-maqasid, grounded in the higher objectives of Shariah—protection of life, lineage, intellect, religion, and property—provides a comprehensive and flexible methodology for resolving these emerging issues.The research examines key medical topics such as organ transplantation, artificial reproduction (IVF), genetic modification, the commercialization of human organs, surrogacy, vaccination, and end-of-life ethical decisions. Each issue is analyzed through the lens of the maqasid al-shariah to determine how human life, dignity, social welfare, and moral integrity can be preserved in accordance with Islamic principles.The findings indicate that the maqasidi approach of Shariah is compatible with contemporary medical developments and allows for solutions that prioritize saving lives, protecting human dignity, and promoting collective well-being. This study not only provides guidance for the Islamic legal evaluation of modern medical matters but also highlights the inherent flexibility and universality of Islamic teachings. It underscores the need for continuous collaboration between scholars and medical experts to develop well-grounded jurisprudential responses, ensuring that the relevance and effectiveness of Shariah remain evident in the modern era.
Ijtihad bi al-Maqasid,Maqasid al-Shariah, Contemporary Medical Ethics,Islamic Bioethics, Organ Transplantation,Genetic Modification.
DISCUSSIONS ON SEERAH IN THE (MALFOZAT) OF HAZRAT MIAN SHER MUHAMMAD SHARQ PURI (SPECIAL STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF ASPECTS AND EFFECTS)
After the War of Independence in 1857 and until the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Muslims of the subcontinent faced deep political, economic, and intellectual decline, accompanied by government-led efforts to weaken them academically and culturally, and to diminish the sanctity of Islamic civilization and its symbols. In this challenging environment, several scholars worked to revive Islamic values, and among these influential figures was Hazrat Mian Sher Muhammad Sharqpuri (Sher Rabbani). Rather than engaging in debates and controversies, he dedicated himself to nurturing sincere love, reverence, and understanding of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the hearts and minds of the people. Following the tradition of earlier scholars, he delivered insightful sermons on various aspects of the Seerah, which were later compiled into books so that wider audiences could benefit from his teachings. Through his thoughtful guidance and unwavering devotion, he fulfilled an important role in reforming thought and conduct during a declining era and contributed significantly to the revival and promotion of the Sunnah and Seerah.
Sunnah Preservation,Spiritual Leadership, IslamicCivilization,ColonialPolicies,Religious Identity,Intellectual Decline.
THE 1962 CONSTITUTION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PARTY POLITICS IN PAKISTAN: A STUDY OF CONTROLLED DEMOCRACY UNDER AYUB KHAN
This study investigates the impact of the 1962 Constitution on the evolution and functioning of party politics in Pakistan. It explores how the constitutional framework influenced the political landscape by assessing the multifaceted roles of political parties as intermediaries between the state and society. The research also highlights the adverse effects of Ayub Khan’s martial law regime, during which party politics experienced severe constraints as political activities were banned and party functions suspended. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study draws upon both primary and secondary sources to address the research questions. It concludes that following the promulgation of the 1962 Constitution, the National Assembly enacted the revival of Political Parties Act, which restored the role of political organizations in Pakistan’s political arena. Consequently, political parties actively re-engaged in political processes, culminating in the formation of the Combined Opposition Parties (COP) alliance against Ayub Khan and his administration, which notably participated in the 1965 elections.
Political Parties, Constitution, Ayub Khan, Pakistan, Implications, (COP), elections.
TRANSFORMATION OF TEHREEK E LABBAIK PAKISTAN FROM ISLAMIC NARRATIVE INTO THE POLITICAL PARTY
The current study has been carried out to identify and find out the transformation of TLP from an Islamic Narrative into a political party. Moreover, this research aims to discuss the leadership of Tehreek e Labbaik Pakistan, includes Allama Khadim Hussain Rizvi (late) and his son Hafiz Saad Rizvi. Further, this research, after explaining the genesis, flag, symbol, slogan, participation in electoral process of Pakistan, also compares the father and the son, the two Ameers of Tehreek e Labbaik Pakistan in running the party. At the end, logical conclusion has also been given with some recommendations in the flow, as it is evident from various activities by the party, especially the change in flag, where simple TLP is written. The study will work as an aid for the future researchers as well, as, due to the Ban on the social media, Tehreek e Labbaik Pakistan’s various projects for the people, along with the injuries and killing of the people were not reported on the electronic media.
Leadership, Symbol, Electoral process, Islamic, Political party, Votes.
EXAMINING THE PARTY LEADERSHIP DYNAMICS OF AWAMI LEAGUE IN THE POLITICS
The Awami League has been a driving force in Bangladesh's political landscape since its inception in 1949. As the country's leading and ruling party, it has played a pivotal role in shaping the nation's history, from the pre-independence era to the present day. Under the leadership of Sheikh Hasina, daughter of the Father of the Nation Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the party continues to advocate for secularism, democracy, nationalism, and socialism. This research chronicles the Awami League's journey, from its early days to its significant role in the 1971 liberation war. The study delves into the party's manifesto, its influence on the electoral process, and its economic policies, which prioritize development, poverty reduction, and infrastructure growth. As one of the most influential political parties in Bangladesh, the Awami League has a rich history of leadership and governance. However, its dominance is challenged by a strong and powerful opposition, which faces its own set of challenges. This study aims to analyze the Awami League's history, evolution, decline, development, and progress in the current political scenario, providing valuable insights into the party's enduring legacy and its continued impact on Bangladesh's political landscape.
Language issue, Mujib six points, Formation of Bangladesh, Liberation, Reconstruction.
ROLE OF AWAMI NATIONAL PARTY IN PAKISTANI POLITICS
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the Awami National Party (ANP), a leftist and secular party representing the Pashtun community in Pakistan. Tracing its historical roots in the Khudai Khidmatgar Movement, the research examines the party's policy initiatives, governance, and impact on national politics from 2008 to 2013. The analysis highlights the ANP's strengths in education and social sector development, but also reveals weaknesses stemming from nepotism. The study explores the party's manifesto, electoral participation, and leadership, shedding light on its role in promoting Pashtun representation, regional autonomy, social justice, and peace. Despite facing setbacks, the ANP remains a significant player in Pakistani politics, contributing to the discourse on governance, economic development, and cultural identity. The conclusion emphasizes the dynamic nature of the ANP's role, subject to evolving political dynamics and its ability to address diverse challenges. To stay informed, readers are recommended to reference the party's official communications and ongoing political developments. This research provides valuable insights into the ANP's evolution, governance, and impact, serving as a resource for scholars, policymakers, and political analysts interested in Pakistani politics and the role of leftist and secular parties in shaping the country's future.
Party, Pakistan, Rights, Social , Community, Human Groups.
ROLE OF MUHAJIR QAUMI MOVEMENT IN THE POLITICS OF PAKISTAN
This paper examines the Muhajir Quami Movement (MQM), a political party established in 1984 to address the socio-political challenges faced by the Muhajir community, who migrated to urban Sindh after the 1947 British India partition. The party aimed to represent the rights and interests of the marginalized Muhajir community, but over time, it evolved into a more inclusive political organization representing the urban population. The MQM has played a significant role in Pakistani politics, particularly in the cities of Hyderabad and Karachi. This study explores the party's origins, leadership, evolving tendencies, electoral participation, and impact on Pakistani politics. The MQM's leadership, notably Altaf Hussain, has been instrumental in shaping the party's ideology, tactics, and organizational structure. The party's slogan, "Rights for All," reflects its commitment to social welfare and inclusivity, symbolized by the kite emblem, representing freedom, resilience, and progress. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the MQM's complex dynamics and its impact on political discourse, policies, and the socio-political environment in Pakistan.
Muhajir Quami Movement, Genesis, leadership,Ethnicity, impacts, Pakistani politics.
PRE-PARTITION'S ORTHODOX HINDUS AND 21ST CENTURY HINDU NATIONALISTS: A THREAT TO THE MUSLIMS EXISTENCE IN THE SUB-CONTINENT
This paper examines the historical and contemporary dynamics of Hindu nationalism and its implications for Muslim existence in the Indian sub-continent. By tracing the roots of orthodox Hindu ideology in the pre-partition era and its evolution into modern Hindu nationalism, this study reveals the persistent threats faced by Muslims in the region. The rise of 21st-century Hindu nationalist movements, fueled by extremist ideologies and political power, has led to increased marginalization, violence, and exclusion of Muslims in India and beyond. This research explores the interplay between historical and contemporary factors, including political, social, and religious forces that contribute to the precarious situation of Muslims in the sub-continent. By analyzing the nexus between pre-partition orthodox Hinduism and modern Hindu nationalism, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex challenges faced by Muslims in the region and inform strategies for promoting inclusivity, diversity, and peaceful coexistence. Through a critical examination of historical events, political discourses, and social dynamics, this study reveals the ways in which Hindu nationalist ideologies have perpetuated a culture of fear, intolerance, and violence against Muslims. By shedding light on the roots and ramifications of this phenomenon, this research seeks to spark a nuanced conversation about the urgent need for inclusive and equitable societies in the sub-continent, where diverse communities can coexist with dignity and respect.
Politics, Sub-Continent, Hindus, Orthodox, Muslim Existence.
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ON ENVIRONMENTAL/CLIMATE CHANGE AND MEDIA RESPONSIBILITY
In Islam, the environment is viewed as a divine trust (Amanah) bestowed upon humanity by Allah. The Qur’an repeatedly emphasizes that humankind has been appointed as Khalifah (vicegerent) on earth, entrusted with the duty to protect and preserve the natural balance (Mizan). Any act of corruption, exploitation, or destruction of nature is condemned in the Qur’an: “Do not cause corruption on the earth after it has been set in order” (Qur’an 7:56). Climate change, driven largely by human negligence and greed, can thus be seen as a form of fasad fil-ard (corruption on earth), which Islam warns against.In the light of this teaching, addressing climate change is not merely a scientific or political issue but a moral and spiritual obligation. Islam encourages moderation (wasatiyyah), discourages wastefulness (israf), and promotes sustainable use of natural resources. Planting trees, conserving water, and protecting animals are all highlighted in Prophetic traditions. For example, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “If a Muslim plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person, or an animal eats from it, it is regarded as charity.Such teachings highlight Islam’s holistic approach to environmental care.Within this framework, the role of the media becomes extremely significant. Media platforms today act as the voice that reaches every individual, shaping awareness and guiding behavior. From an Islamic perspective, media has a responsibility to spread truth. Therefore, the media must educate society about the dangers of climate change, discourage harmful practices such as deforestation and pollution, and promote sustainable alternatives in line with Islamic principles of stewardship.In conclusion, climate change is both an environmental and ethical challenge. Islam provides clear guidance on protecting nature, and the media holds the responsibility to communicate these values, inspire action, and mobilize communities to fulfill their duty as stewards of the earth.
Media, environmental change, research, publicity, awareness campaign.
POLITICAL MOTIVES FOR DISOBEYING THE TEACHINGS OF THE HOLY PROPHETS IN THE PRESENT AGE
The God has set rules and regulations for humanity to achieve the consciousness of living and the meaningful goals of life. For the practical implementation of these rules and regulations and to be aware of them, he appointed selected persons from among humanity. While he preached to the people about the commandments of Allah, he also made them aware of the practical aspects of observing these commandments in the practical field. The teachings of the prophets prevent humanity from strengthening its relationship with the Lord, humility, disobedience, justice, and division of humanity into different classes on the basis of moral, linguistic and geographical aspects. Teaches to highlight and lead a purposeful life. Generalization of social justice, exploitation of the weak, environmental degradation and attributes Jamila advocates. The purpose of these teachings is to strengthen the relationship of humanity with the Lord of the Universe and to carry out such matters that will lead to success and salvation, but people reject the teachings of the Prophets because of their worldly benefits. Started pouring. One of the factors and motivations for rejecting the teachings of the Prophets is political motivation, in this, the teachings of the Prophets are not followed to consolidate political power and gain interests. Therefore, the political motivations for ignoring the teachings of the Prophets in the present era are briefly reviewed.
Political Motivations, Prophets, Justice, Rules & Regulations, Humanity, Relationship.
SOCIAL MOTIVATIONS OF DISOBEYING THE TEACHINGS OF THE PROPHETS IN THE PRESENT AGE
Just as the teachings of the prophets are related to beliefs and ideas, moral values, politics and economy, in the same way, the guidance teachings of the prophets are also seen to guide humanity regarding social thoughts. Due to the implementation of these teachings, humanity enjoys worldly and hereafter benefits. In particular, the teachings that have been given to humanity through the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are not related to any specific time, situation and era, but are specific to humanity until the Day of Resurrection. Disobedience to the teachings of the Prophets in the present day is influenced by various social motivations that shape individual attitudes and social norms. Factors for not following the teachings of the prophets include cultural norms, media influence, peer pressure, globalization, political ideologies, erosion of religious authority, and economic disparity. Due to them moral values ​​and principles are ignored. In the modern era, the media plays an important role in the formation of social attitudes, which is often used to promote attitudes contrary to religious teachings and popularize the teachings of the Prophets. Similarly, globalization leads to cultural exchange, but It also propagates values ​​that conflict with religious teachings. Economic disparity and injustice lead individuals to prioritize material gain over moral considerations, so addressing these social drivers requires a multi-pronged approach that promotes moral education and reinforces religious values. Also be determined to maintain ethical principles. Below, the social motivations for not following the teachings of the Prophets will be reviewed and their remedies will also be briefly discussed.
Social Motivations, Injustice, Political Ideologies, Moral Values, Cultural, Education.