IJTIHAD BIL-MAQASID AND CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL ISSUES: A RESEARCH AND JURISPRUDENTIAL STUDY

الملخص

This study explores the conceptual and practical framework of ijtihad bi al-maqasid (objective-based reasoning) in addressing contemporary medical challenges. With the rapid advancement of modern medical science, humanity faces numerous ethical and legal questions that are not explicitly discussed in classical Islamic jurisprudence. Ijtihad bi al-maqasid, grounded in the higher objectives of Shariah—protection of life, lineage, intellect, religion, and property—provides a comprehensive and flexible methodology for resolving these emerging issues.The research examines key medical topics such as organ transplantation, artificial reproduction (IVF), genetic modification, the commercialization of human organs, surrogacy, vaccination, and end-of-life ethical decisions. Each issue is analyzed through the lens of the maqasid al-shariah to determine how human life, dignity, social welfare, and moral integrity can be preserved in accordance with Islamic principles.The findings indicate that the maqasidi approach of Shariah is compatible with contemporary medical developments and allows for solutions that prioritize saving lives, protecting human dignity, and promoting collective well-being. This study not only provides guidance for the Islamic legal evaluation of modern medical matters but also highlights the inherent flexibility and universality of Islamic teachings. It underscores the need for continuous collaboration between scholars and medical experts to develop well-grounded jurisprudential responses, ensuring that the relevance and effectiveness of Shariah remain evident in the modern era.