“THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SLAVERY: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF ITS CAUSES, EVOLUTION, AND IMPACTS (FROM THE ANCIENT PERIOD TO THE MODERN ERA)” (2025) International Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Communication (IRJICC), 3(4), صص 34–47. قابل دسترس در: https://irjicc.com/index.php/irjicc/article/view/48 (دسترسی: 11 فوریه 2026).