"THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SLAVERY: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF ITS CAUSES, EVOLUTION, AND IMPACTS (FROM THE ANCIENT PERIOD TO THE MODERN ERA)" (2025) International Research Journal of Islamic Culture and Communication (IRJICC), 3(4), ص 34–47. موجود في: https://irjicc.com/index.php/irjicc/article/view/48 (تاريخ الوصول: 17 أبريل 2026).