THE CONCEPT OF RESISTANCE IN THE POETRY OF GHULAM RASOOL SHAH “GHAMNAAK”

الملخص

Sindhi poetry has a tradition of incorporating a philosophy of resistance since ancient times. After the classical poets, modern poets have also given space to this thought and philosophy in their poetry.Ghulam Rasool Shah Ghamnak 1940-2022 is a beautiful poet of the Sindhi language, whose poetry has many qualities. In his poetry, Ghulam Rasool Shah calls on the world to stand up against injustice and oppression. There are many themes in Ghamnak's poetry, and resistance is one of them.He has the ability to carry the narratives of classicism and modernity at the same time. In 2012, his first collection of poetry "Wahdat Nihan Niyan" was published. The theme of Sufism is very important in his poetry. Sindhi classical characters can also be seen in his poetry. He has no shortage of characters from Suhni to Sassi. Ghamnak uses classical characters in his poetry to provide a sense of decorum to his readers. In his view, social change is possible only when those living in the society resist it. The resistance of the character of the maid is beautifully expressed in the poetry of Ghulam Rasool Shah Ghamnak.Ghamnak has also carved a unique place in modern poetry by presenting the philosophy of Sufism in a rebellious manner. While in classical poetry we read Sufism as described in terms of reformist thought, in Ghamnak's modern poetry, this Sufism is again described in a rebellious manner. Due to such modern and unique qualities, Ghulam Rasool Shah Ghamnak's position stands out from the classics to the moderns with a distinct look.This article clarifies the concept of resistance present in his poetry. In this article, we will try to understand the concept of resistance from his poems, how and in what way such a thought is expressed in his poetry.